在红树林有什么好玩里玩的玩是动词吗

在红树林有什么好玩里玩的玩是动词吗

2015-06-23 08:38:13 在树林玩中年妇女

4发现相似题2007届英语复习语法专题情态动词最近几年云南旅游试题中常常借助语境来考查情 态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准 确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态 动词的用法复杂多变，在云南旅游试题中，命题者常常 利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生 对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要 求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要
充分 利用云南旅游试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现 的特殊关系。下面就近几年来云南旅游试题中出现的情 态动词的旅游景点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。一、用“情态动词＋have ＋done”结构表示 对过去动作的推测，云南旅游试题中常用过去时 态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的 这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。 1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互 说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一 个整体时，我们可用“统一”关系来解决这 样的试题。常见的结构有：must have done： 表示对过去动作的肯定推 测，常译作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定 句中。其否定形式为can?t／couldn?t have done? 疑问式为Can／Could...have donet。could ／might have done：表示对过去发生 的动作的可能性推测，常译作“可能做 了……”。如：1) Sorry I?m late． I ＿＿＿＿＿ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again． ?(北京 2000春) A． might B． should C． can D． will 该题前句说明了结果，后句接着 说出了产生这种结果的可能性， 对前句进行说明。分析选项 可知本题应选A。2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000) A． couldn?t have attended B． needn?t have attended C． mustn?t have attended D． shouldn?t have attended该题前句叙说一个客观事实，后句 对前句进行说明，分析选项可 知C是错误的? 而B、D两项不符 合题意。故本题选A。Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海’06) A． mustn?t have arrived B． shouldn?t have arrived C． can?t have arrived D． need not have arrivedcan?t have arrived 表示强烈的否 定的猜测。语气较弱时用couldn?t have done or might not have done or may not have done .2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折 关系时，常借助“but, however, instead”等 词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时 我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试 题。这种结构常见的有：should have done ／ ought to have done： 表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。 should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却 做了。need not have done：表示过去本来没有必 要做某事，但事实上却做了。3) I was really anxious about you． You ＿ ＿__ home without a word． (NMET2001) A． mustn?t leave B． shouldn?t have left C． couldn?t have left D． needn?t leave 分析该题前后句之间的关系和语 气可知，事实上是 “本不应该离 家出走却走了”，故本题选B。4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿＿ for her． (NMET?04)A． had to write it out B． must have written it out C． should have written it out D． ought to write it out由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是 对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。5) How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and______! A.should have studied B. had studiedC. could have studied D. studiedI should have studied。本来该学 习的，但是却逃学到树林里玩了。6）“It?s our own fault, ”I thought bitterly. “We should have cut away the jungle brush. ” cut away A. didn?t B. must have cut away C. should have cut away D. couldn?t have cut away 从It?s our own fault可以看出：问 题出在我们身上。“我们本应该 在灌木冲中砍出一条路来。二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨 析。最近几年云南旅游试题中常借助具体的语境 来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。1. ―Is John coming by traint ―He should, but he ＿＿＿＿＿＿ not． He likes driving his car． (NMET2002) A． must B． can C． need D． may mustn?t 表示“禁止、不准”； cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表 示“可能不”。分析语境可知本 题应选D。2) ―I hear you?ve got a set of valuable Australian coins． ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I have a lookt ―Yes, certainly． (北京2005春) A． Do B． May C． Shall D． Should分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许 可，may表示“允许、可以”，语 气比较委婉? shall常用于第一、三 人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对 方意见和指示，如果此空用shall， 则意为“要（我）看一下吗?”， 不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。3) Mr Bush is on time for everything． How ＿＿＿＿ it be that he was late for the opening ceremonyt (上海2001春)A． can B． should C． may D． must must be 表示肯定的猜测，只能用 于肯定句中，由题意可知本题应 选A。4) ―Are you coming to Jeff?s partyt ―I?m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead． (NMET2000) A． must B． would C． should D． might由题意和下句中的 “I?m not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种 可能性推测，might可以用来表 示一种比较委婉的可能性判断， 故本题选D。5）I should have been there, but I ＿＿＿＿＿ not find the time． (上海2000春)A． would B． could C． might D． should分析题意可知第二个分句表示过 去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气 上的可能性，与题意不符。故本 题选B。6) Johnny, you ＿＿＿＿ play with the knife,you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself． (NMET?96)A． won?t; can?tB． mustn?t; mayC． shouldn?t; must D． can?t; shouldn?t mustn?t 表示“不可以；禁止”， 分析题意可知第二个空表示某种 可能性，故本题选B。7) ―Will you stay for luncht ―Sorry, ＿＿＿＿＿＿． My brother is coming to see me． (NMET?99) A． I mustn?t B． I can?t C． I needn?t D． I won?t分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看 我”，所以“不能留下”，因此对别 人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。 A 项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必 要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符 合题意。故本题选B。8)―When can I come for the photost I need them tomorrow afternoon． ―They ＿＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12? 00． (NMET?98) A． can B． should C． might D． need 该题考查情态动词should的基本 含义，表示揣测，表示可能或期 望，意思是&照理说来、应该&。分 析句意可知本题应选B。又如： He should be having class now.他现在应该 是在上课。 As far as I know you shouldn't have any problems there.就我所知，在那里你不会遇 到任何问题。 According to the schedule, they should have arrived in Shanghai by now/ yesterday. 按照计划，他们现在/昨天应该已经到达上海 了吧。9) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿ get out．(NMET?97) A． had to B． would C． could D． was able to 该题考查了could和be able to的 区别，二者都可表示过去时间的 能力，但如果表示过去成功地做 了某事只能使用was ／ were able to do，故本题选D。又如：Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. Byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away. The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.10) ―Shall I tell John about it t ―No, you ＿＿＿＿＿． I?ve told him already． (NMET?94) A． needn?t B． wouldn?t C． mustn?t D． shouldn?t情态动词shall在试题中表示征 询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗 示 “没有必要了”，故本题选A。―I promise her daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday. ―Will it be a big surprise to her? A. should B. must C. would D. shall shall表示”允诺”，根据讲话人 语气可以知道，选项部分表示讲 话是给对方的一种承诺，故应该 选情态动词shall用于第二或第三 人称用作主语的句子结构中。答 案D。Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone ____ ring. A. must B. could C. might D. need解答该题的关键是要准确把握情态 动词must的特殊意义在语境中的用 法。must 在此表示说话人的愿望或 感到不耐烦，意思为&偏要&。句子 意思为：正当我们要坐下来吃饭时， 偏偏电话铃响了。其它选项无此意 义，答案A。Mrs Smith, I will fetch ten chairs for the meeting. ―You ____ six will do. A. may not B. mustn?t C. needn?t D. can?t may not&不可以&，表示允许； mustn?t&一定不&，表禁止； needn?t&没必要&，表示一种建议； can?t&不能&，表示某种可能性。 根据说话人语气，应选needn?t。 答案C。You ____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. can?t B. should C. must D. needn?t解答该题的关键是对can?t...too...to 固定短语的理解。根据句子意义： 无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过 分。同时句中由于有了too...to结构， 只有can?t 可以与它构成固定短语， 有此含义。其它选项无此意。答案 A。情态动词用法小结一、表示&可能&或&预测&can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,ought to1.can 和 could 用于表示&可能&或&预测&：1)He can?t be at home. (否定句） 他不可能在家。 2) Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置 于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗?3) Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理 论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。 4) At that time we thought the story could not be true. (表示过去的可能性)那时我们认为所说的故事不可能是真的。 5) An accident can happen if you do this. (表示事情肯定会发生) 如果你这样做，可能会发生意外。2. may 和 might 用于表示&事实上的可能 性&或&预测&：1)It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。 2)It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预 测) 今天下午可能会下雪。 3)You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。4)It is possible he may have called while we were out. (现在完成式型may have called) 当我们出门后，他有可能会打 电话来。 5)Sam might have taken the money, but it seems unlikely. (过去完成式型 might have taken) 钱可能会是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。 6)If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat. (might 用于条件句) 要是你锻 炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。3. will 和 would 用于表示&预测&或&习惯性&： 1)I think he will be all right now. (will be 表 示一定会) 我想他现在一定好了。2)He would come to see me when he was in London. (would 表示习惯地) 他在伦敦 时，常来看望我。3) He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river. (will 表示经常 的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。4. must 用于表示&必定&，&必会&：1. This must be good for you. (must be 肯 定) 这肯定对你是有益的。 2. All mankind must die. (表示必然会发 生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。 3. Mustn't there be a mistake ? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?5. ought to 用于表示&想必会&(语气较must 弱)：1)They ought to be there by now. 他们想必已到那儿了。 2) He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。二、表示&许可&、&请求& (Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, May, Might, Must) 1 can 和 could 用于表示&许可&、&请求&： 1) Can I go with you ? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗? 2) Father said I could go to cinema. (表示 过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3) Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?4) Can't you do it now ? (表示反问) 你不能现在做吗?5. You cannot smoke in the meeting room. (cannot 表示&禁止&) 旅游会议室里不许吸烟。2. will 和 would 用于表示&请求& 1.Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ? (表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走?2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗?3. shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求 对方的意见 1)Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗? 2) What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做? 3) Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人 称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?4. may 和 might 用于表示&许可&(口语中多用 can ) 1)You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。 2) You might read the story for me. (比may 更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。 3) May I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗?4) Might I take a look of your work ? 我看看您的大作行吗? 5) Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6) If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条 件句，表示请求) 你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。5. must 用于表示&禁止&，&不准&：1)Cars must not be parked here. (must not 表示不许可) 此地不准停车。2) All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更 强) 你们不准在池里钓鱼。三、情态动词的用法：表示“应该”、“必 须” （Shall, 和 Should 用于表示“必须”： to) 1. Shall Should, May, Might, Must, Ought 1)Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。 2) I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。3) You shouldn?t judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn?t “不应该”含 有劝告的意思) 你不应该总是以貌取人。4) The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等，表示义务和 规定) 新规则于一月一日起生效。2. May 和 Might 用于表示“应该&(用于 等条文，一般上多用 shall ): 1)Payment may be paid by check. 定) 应以支票付款。 (表示规2) You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该) 你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。3. Must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”： 1) You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。 2) We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。 3) Must I pay now ? (用于疑问句) (如回答不 必时，需用 needn't 或 don't have to) 我现在就得付款吗?4. Ought to 用于表示“应该”(强调客观上)： (大多情况可用 should 代替) 1) You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought to 的语气比must 弱) 你应该去看看医生。 2) You oughtn?t (ought not) to smoke so much. (oughtn?t 用于否定句)你不应该抽这么多烟。3) Ought you to smoke so much? (用于疑问 句) 你应该抽这么多烟吗?四、情态动词的用法：表示“意图”、“打 算” (will, would, shall, should)1.will 和 would 用于表示某种意 1) I will call you as soon as possible. (will 必去用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。 2) Will you accept this invitation ? (用would 则表示得客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗?3. Who will do the job ? (用于条件句，可用 于各种人称)谁愿意做这事?4. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。2. shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意 1) We shan?t (shall not) to if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not) 如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。2) I shan?t go with you. (shall 只用在第一人 称) 我不打算和你一同走。五、情态动词的用法：表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should)1. will 和 would ： 1)She will do it if you ask her. (表示主语的意愿)如果你问她，她会做的。2) Would you have another cup of tea ? (用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗?3. Will you have some cookies ? (will 用于疑 问句，表示问人是否愿意) 你想吃些烤饼吗?4. If he will he can do it. (will 用于条件句， 用于第二、三人称) 如果他愿意，他会做的。 5. Would you excuse me ? (would 表示婉转 语气) 你能原谅我吗?六、情态动词的用法：表示“决心” (will, would, shall, would)1. will 和 would ： 1) I will stop smoking. (will 表示主语 I 的决 心。不能用 I?ll) 我决心戒烟了。2) If you will go, you may go at once. (用于 条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果你非走不可，你可以马上就走。能力提升1. &Whatever you want, you said the boss. A.would B. ought to C. shall D. could 2. ―What's wrong with your pen.'? ―The ink ____come out. A. can't B. doesn't C. hasn't D. won' t have it on condition that you get the best result.&3. ―Will you stay here for supper, Jane? ―Sorry, I ____. My parents are waiting for me at home. A, can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't4. ―It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home. ―Anybody in your position____. the same. A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done5. ―It is said that China will soon be amember of WTO. ―Well, it's wonderful that the Chinese people ___have made so much progress these years.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. may6. They didn't want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them. A.would B. could C. were able to D. had to 7. She the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered. A. wouldn't have left B. shouldn't have left C. mustn't have left D. didn't have to leave7. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he in the final exam. A. mustn't fail B. couldn't have failed C. ought not to fail D. mustn't have failed 8. ―Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer? ―No, I've already bought twenty. That be enough for us two. A. ought to B. will C. may D. might9. ―Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party? ― . A.Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I can't come D. Yes, I may 10. ―Is there a flight to Paris this evening? ―There ___ be. I' 11 phone the airport and find it out. A. must B. would C. might D. can11. ―A man answered the phone. Isuppose it was her husband. ―It ___ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustn't be been B. couldn't have beenC. may not have been D. mustn't have12. ―I didn't go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.―YouA. might borrowmine. I wasn't using it.B. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow13. ―I wonder if I smoke here. ―No, you. Could you see the sign &No Smoking& there? A.can, needn't B. shall, won?t C. must, can't D. may, mustn't 14. There are only eight photos here. I twenty-two. A. ought to have been B. ought to be C. ought to have D. ought to have had15. He was taken away by the police. He for a robber. A. must be mistaken B. was being mistaken C. must mistake D. must have been mistaken 16. ―I wonder why Mr. Wang didn't attend the lecture. ―He another one. A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had17. ―Shall I book a table for the dinner? ―___. The restaurant won't be full this evening. A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn't C. No, you needn't D. No, you can't 18. English is a language that many people around the world ___not speak perfectly but at least understand. A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might19. ―You must phone us every week. ―Yes, I . A.must B. have to C. will D. should20. ―Did you visit the famous museum? ―No, we ___, but we spent too muchtime shopping.A. could have B. must have visitedC. didn?t have timeD. shouldn't21. The line is busy. Someone _ __ the telephone. A. may be using B. may have used C. must have been using D. must be using 22. ―Where shall we meet tomorrow? ―Well. I ___come to your house if you like. A. could B. might C. should D. would23. ―Why ___it rain now? I ___go to the concert at 7. ―What a pity! A.can, might not B. should, needn't C. must, can't D. need, mustn't 24. You phone him if you want to, but you. He'll surely phone you. A.may, mustn't B. have to, needn't C. might, won't D. can, needn't25. ―Jones is in hospital.―Oh really? I' 11 go and C. didn't know, I' m going to known, I' m going to D. haven' t . visit her. B. don' t know, A. didn't know, I'll go and26. ―You know that you were driving 100 km. an hour, don't you? ―No officer, I . This car doesn't do more than 80. A. may not have been B. couldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. shouldn't have been27. At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she ___ trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue. A.might B. should C. would D. had to 28. As an auto repairman , Dick ___know what is wrong with the car . A. ought to B. must C. should D. could29. Even if you ___ do it, I ___ allow you tobecause it's too dangerous . A.have to /can?t C. can/ shouldn?t B. dare/won?t D. will/mustn?t30.I ___ make this computer work even if I___ stay up all night.A.can/might B. may/ willC. will/have to D. must/can31. We ____ the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class . A.needn?t have read B. can?t have read C. don?t have to read D. needn?t read2007届高三英语复习专题虚拟语气第一部分：语气的定义和种类 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气第四部分：条件句中的虚拟语气第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天 一整天你都很忙吗?③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位师傅啊！⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或 命令。如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don?t forget to turn off the light.别忘了 关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。②I wish I could pass the examination.我 希望我能通过设计。③May you succeed!祝您成功！一、表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或 委婉的语气 二、表祝愿三、表示强烈愿望四、表命令⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?⑵.It would be better for you not to stayup too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿， 此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中） ⑴ May the world be filled with love! 愿世界充满爱！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people!万岁！(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快！(1)God save me! 老天爷，救救我吧！(2) Heaven help us!上天助我也！(3) God forbid!苍天不容!;绝对不行!(4) God knows!天晓得!1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(SimplePresent)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加 上not。(1). Work !(2). Work harder !(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)(4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard！ (do not 表示否 定的虚拟语气) (6). Don?t be afraid！ (口语中常用don't 代 替do not)(1).You?d better set off now. 你最好现在就出发。 (2).I?d rather not tell you the secret. 我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。第一节：宾语从句中的虚拟语气 第二节：主语从句中的虚拟语气 第三节：表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相 反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：1. I wish (that) I were a bird flying high in the sky. 2. I wish I could fly to the moon now.3. I wish I were Chang?e?s neighbor. 4. How I wish I had a rabbit like Chang?e?s！ 5. How I wish I had been to the moon!二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相 反）： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：1. I wish (that)I hadn't wasted so much time.2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.3. We wished he had spoken to us. 4. I wish you had called earlier. 5. They wish they had listened to us sooner.例题分析：I wish I ______ longer thismorning, but I had to get up and come toclass.A. could have slept might have slept B. slept D. have slept C.从I had to get up…可以看出动作发生在过 去。所以, 选项A)could have slept是正确答 案三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿 望)：从句动词&would/should/could/might + 动 词原形1.I wish it would stop raining我希望雨能 停止。 2. I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。3. You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。 4. I wish she would change her mind. 我希望她会改变主意。 5. He will wish we would join him the following week. 只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一 起四）、注意： 1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that从句中的动词形式不变。例如： I wished I hadn't spent so much money.我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现 状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop asking sillyquestions.二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词 的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面 的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以 “should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事 实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise,vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主张”的：maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist1. The teacher demanded that all the books (should) be sent to the office. 2.She requested that the door to her room be left open. 3. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)5. He pursued various theories forseveral days until I suggested we takethe toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆 开看看它是如何转动的。) 6. she insists that she is right. 7. she insisted that I should finish the work at once.例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night. A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上 11点后不要打开收音机”。request（请求） 所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形 或“should＋动词原形”。谓语应当用被动 语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。[活学活用]The committee recommends that the matter______ at the next meeting . A. would be discussed B. will be discussed C. be discussed D. may be discussed三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动 词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的 否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。 It is unbelievable that he should have done so much in such a short time. 简直难以相信，他竟然在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作。四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希 望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语 从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表 示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事 实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或&对过去做的 事的懊悔&。[活学活用] came (1).I would rather he _____(come) tomorrow than today. (2).John would rather that she ____________(not go) to the party had not gone yesterday evening. (3). I would rather everything hadn' t happened (not happen) in the _______________past.(4).To be frank，I?d rather you were ____(be) not involved in the case． didn?t make (5). I?d rather you __________(not make) any comment on the issue for the time being． (6).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do _________(not do) anything about it for the time being． went .Wouldn't you rather your child _____ (go) to bed early?一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词） +that……”结构中的虚拟语气一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词） +that……”结构中的虚拟语气 在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词） +that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建 议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、 紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也 用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词 原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英 语中省去should）常用的形容词： * natural (自然的), appropriate (适当 的),advisable (合适的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), vital (必不可少的)* desirable (极好的), compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急 的），desirable（理想的），necessary （必要的）,strange（奇怪的）。 常用的过去分词:* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略, 下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步) 2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有 必要事先做好准备) 3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要 的是学生都能了解校规) 5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人) 6. It is natural that she should do so. (形 容词natural, should+动词原形do)7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible．这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是 很重要的。 8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project．重要的是募 集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。 9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．希望我们 昨晚一切都准备就绪。二、在It is ＋名词＋that…的主语从句中的 虚拟语气 在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚 拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀 疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice ，decision ，desire ， demand ，motion ，order，pity ， proposal，recommendation ， requirement，resolution，shame， suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。⑴ It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad． 我建议派他去国外进一步学习。(2) It is my suggestion that…(3) It is my advice that…当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的 名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从 句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋ 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见 的有：demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求) advice (劝告), recommendation (建 议),suggestion (建议)order (命令) necessity (必要地), proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)，recommendation以及， resolution等。We are all for your proposal that thediscussion be put off． 我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。The suggestion that the mayor presentthe prizes was accepted by everyone． 由颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。(1) The advice is that we (should) leave at once. (2) My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. (3) I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. (4) The judge assented to the suggestion that the prisoner be sentenced to death.第一节：if引导的条件句一、真实条件句二、虚拟条件句 1、表示与现在事实相反 2、表示与过去事实相反 3、表示将来事实相反 4、混合条件句 5、含蓄条件句 6、虚拟倒装句⑴ If I have time , I will help you with this work. 如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 ⑵ As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out. 只要我说了什么错话，你一定要指出来。 ⑶ If time permits, we'll go fishing together. (如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）(1) If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加旅游会议了。 (2) If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend. 假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋 友。 (3) If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home. 如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……[活学活用]would go 1.If I ____(be) you, I ______(go) with him. were 2.If the weather ______(be) fine, I were _________(go) there. would go permitted 3. If time _________(permit) , I would write __________(write) it again. had 4. If we ____(have) the manpower, we could open up _____________(open up)even more land.weren?t 5.If it _________(not snow) snowing, we wouldn?t stay ______________(not stay) in the house. 6.What would do ______I ____(do) if I were in your place? hurried 7.If he________ (hurry) , he could catch __________(catch) the first bus. weren?t 8.If it _________(not) for your help, we __________(get) into trouble. would get表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子 结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词 + …… 主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……had taken ⑴、If you __________(take) my advice, would not have made you ___________________(not make) such a mistake. shouldn?t have been able ⑵、I ______________________(not be able) to write such good novels if I hadn?t lived ____________(live) among the peasants for five years. hadn?t invited ⑶、If you_____________ (not invite) me, shouldn?t have come I ____________________(not come) to the party.hadn?t been ⑷、If it ____________(not be) for yourshouldn?t have finished help, I _____________________(not finish) this work on time.hadn?t broken ⑸、If he _____________(not break) thelaw, he wouldn?t have been put ____________________(not put)in prison. hadn?t been ⑹、If I ___________(not be) ill yesterday, I ________________(come) might have come to school.had been ⑺、If I _________(be) your headmaster, I should have dismissed ____________________(dismiss) you from school. had studied ⑻、 If you ___________(study) harder could have passed last term, you _________________(pass) examhad taken ⑼、 If you _________(take) my advice, wouldn't have failed you __________________(not fail) in the exam.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的 事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原 形+…… 主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……were to work ⑴、If I ____________(work) at thiswould do problem, I _________(do) it in another way. were to do ⑵、If you __________(do) such a thing again, you would be punished. should work ⑶、If I ____________(work) harder, Icould make ___________(make) much more progress.should come (4) If he____________ (come) , I would ask _____________(ask) him for some advice. should rain (5) If it___________ (rain) , the crops Would be saved ________________(save) . (6) If he _____________(come) tomorrow, were to come he might tell you. were If he ______ (be) here, I ____________ (give) him the books. would give有时条件从句中的动作和结果 与主句中的动作，发生的时间 不一致，这时动作的形式应根 据它所表示的时间加以调整。 如：1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：3. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来： 4. 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：5. 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。6. 从句表示现在，主句表示过去7. 从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来 ：(1) If they had started the early morningyesterday, they would be here now. (2) If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去： (1) If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night. (2) If you were to come here tomorrow, I would not have prepared for the meeting.3.从句表示过去，主句表示将来： ⑴、If we hadn't made adequatepreparations, we shouldn't dare to do theexperiment next week.4.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam thisafternoon, I would go shopping now.5.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。 ⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. ⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在 ⑴、If you hadn?t lent me some money, I couldn?t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房， 主句说明过去和现在。）很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来， 只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条 件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况： 1. 条件暗含在短语中 2. 条件暗含在上下文中1、条件暗含在短语中(1)、What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词 短语without you中) (2) 、It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中) (3) 、This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的 事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗 含在分词短语happening in wartime中)(4)、 But for your help we couldn?t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)(5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗 含条件是连词or)(6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified.如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是 alone)2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如： (1)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)(2) 、We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kepttrying)(3) 、Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it) (4) 、I would appreciate a little of your time. 你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含ifyou were so kind as to give me a little ofyour time)6、虚拟倒装句 1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it. 去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面) 2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it. 去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams. 4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday.Had seen 5). _____I ______(see) the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. Should rain 6). _______it _____(rain) next week the farmers would have a good harvest.7)._____I you, I Were would have asked ___________________(ask) him for someadvice.第二节：其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表 示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。1. Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.(I could not have finished my work.) 2. In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.3.Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。4.But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it. 要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。 5.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. 如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况， 可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气） I do believe in people being able to do what they want to do, providing they're not hurting someone else. Providing they do not panic, I believe that their chances of survival will be beyond 95 per cent.第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导 的方式状语从句中的应用 第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及 in case引导的目的状语从句中 第三节：介词短语表示虚拟第四节：虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high） time ＋that定语从句中 第五节：在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟 语气虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状 语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从 句基本相同 1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑， 谓语动词用过去式。例如： (1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感 到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。 (2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设) (5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词 用过去完成式。如： C (1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time. A. hasn't watered B. didn't water C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相 反的事实） (3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相 反的事实)那老人看着摄影团，他觉得仿佛回到 20年前的时光。3.表示与将来事实相反: (1). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动 词meet，表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又 谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。 注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成 为事实, 用陈述语气. He looks as if he is going to be ill.第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及 in case引导的目的状语从句中在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语 动词多由should ＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处 以惩罚以免他再犯。 ⑵、The mad man was put in the softA padded cell lest he _____ himself. a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure 这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以 免伤了他自己。第三节：介词短语表示虚拟 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。1).H otherwise might have failed he_________________(fail) . could have done 2).We ________________(do) better under more favorable conditions. 3). But for his help， should not have succeeded I_________________________ (succeed). 4). But that he came to help me, I_______________________ (succeed). could not have succeeded第四节：虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high） time ＋that定语从句中在It is（about／high）time ＋that定语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候 了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。(1).It's already 5 o'clock now．Don't youthink it's about time we went home?现在 已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗? (2).It is about time you were in bed.(3).It is high time we left.(4).It is the first time I came here.注： 1、在this is the first time ／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述 语气完成时态。 例如： Is this the first time that you have visited Hong Kong?这是你第一次参观香港吗? 2、It's time to do something有别于It's time that．．．第五节：在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟 语气 谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动 词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同). ⑴、If only he didn?t drive so fast! (现在) ⑵、If only she had asked someone?sadvice.(过去)⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)例题解析: ⑷、Look at the terrible situation I am in! B if only I ____ your advice. A.follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followedif only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”， 表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可 能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意 思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你 的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从 劝告，所以处境很糟糕。综合练习1. But for the Party, the disaster areas in Zhejiang Province, struck by the No. 14 C Typhoon, _____ into normal so soon. A. shouldn?t have returned B. should return C. wouldn?t have returned D. would returnD 2. You didn?t let me help. If we ____ together, you ____ so tired. A. didn?t getB. wouldn?t getC. wouldn?t get D. H wouldn?t have gotC 3. If the parents ______ at the hospitalearlier after the accident, the child____.A. arrives /will be savedB. arrive /shall be saved C. had arrived/ would have been saved D. arrived /would be saved4. Had Wang Lin received six more votes C in the election of our class, he _____ our monitor now.A. must have been B. would have beenC. were D. would beD 5. She _____ much taller, but the cruel stepmother never let her eat enough.A. can grow B. can have grownC. could grow D. could have grown 6. I was caught in a traffic jam for over D an hour, otherwise I _____ you waiting for such a long time. A. will not keep B. have not kept C. had not kept D. would not have keptD 8. _____ the little girl not to fill the thermos, she wouldn?t have been burnt badly.A. Did I persuade B. if I persuadedC. If I should have persuaded D. had I persuadedB 9. If he _____ his legs in the last training, he_____ the coming world cup, which he has been longing to compete in.A. hadn? would have joinedB. hadn? would enter forC. didn? would go in forD. didn? would have taken part in10. But for the help of the Hope Project, A the poor children ____ in the brightclassrooms at the moment. A. wouldn?t be studying B. won?t be studyingC. couldn?t studyD. are not able to study.11. ―Why didn?t you borrow a ChineseEnglish dictionary from the library? B but the librarian____ allow me. ―I ____ A. didn?t B. didn?tC. wouldn?t D.hadn?tA 12. ―Would you ____her pay off the debthad it been possible?―Yes, but I ___ busy doing businessabroad then.A. have helped /was beB. help/wereC. have made/had been D. make/would13. ―Did you go to the exhibition with them? B ―No, I forgot about it, but I ____if I ____.A. would/had been B. would have /hadn?tC. did/didn?t D. had done/ didn?tB 14.―Your sister nearly ____ all her spare time to her course during the three years. ―That?s right, or she ____ the first place in her school in the 2004 College Entrance Examination. A. wouldn?t take B. wouldn?t have taken C. hadn? couldn?t take D. hadn? hadn?t taken15. If the step mother had been a bit lessD greedy and cruel, the little girl ____ being ill-treated to death.A. ought to avoid B. could have been avoided C. should have avoided D. might have avoided16. Well, I?m sorry to hear that. But suchD misunderstanding _____. A. will have been avoidedB. can be avoided C. have had avoidedD. could have been avoided
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